Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups

Functional groups is a specific group that gives the molecule ability to react in a specific manner. And are usually in organic compound other than Carbon and Hydrogen, such as Nitrogen, Chlorine, Florine.

•Halides & Nitro Compounds

Naming rule is just attached to the Alkane and Alkene, but we have to follow the new prefixes:

F = Fluro

Br= Bromo

Cl = Chloro

NO3 = Nitro

Notes: 

We use prefixes such as di-, tri-, tetra-.... to indicate that if there is one more Compounds.

Alcohols:

1: It contains OH- and we have to name it as the lowest number as possible (start counting it from the closest way)

2: End in  - ol

3: If there is more than one OH- in it, we use prefixes such as di-, tri- to indicate it.

Aldehydes and Ketones :

The difference between aldehydes and ketones is that

1: Aldehydes contains double bond Oxygen at the end of its chain

2: Ketones contains double bond Oxygen at the MIDDLE of its chain

Aldehydes:

1: End in "-al"

 "Ketones"

1: End in "-one"